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Confidentiality means keeping what is supposed to be private, private. It means not disclosing (telling) other people who do not have a right to know information about the patient. Protecting a patient's confidentiality means not sharing information with others (outside of the health care team) who the patient does not want to know the information. Direct care workers will come to know intimate details about their patient's body and lives. They must take every step that they can to protect this privileged information. They have an ethical and a legal responsibility for protecting the privacy of their patient. A good rule of thumb to use before sharing patient information with members outside of the healthcare team is to ask:
In 1996, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was passed by Congress. This law is designed to protect people's privacy with regard to their health and health care. This law gives people rights over the medical information, including the right to receive a copy of their medical records, the right to correct incorrect information in their medical record, and the right to control who has access to their records.
If health care workers violate a patient's privacy, they and/or their agency or the organization for which they work can be fined or imprisoned. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 established a penalty structure for HIPAA violations. Civil and criminal penalties can result if an individual health care worker and/ or a health care agency does not comply with HIPAA. It is important for Direct care workers to remember to always protect their patient's privacy. This means providing privacy during self-care such as bathing, toileting, and dressing. It can be easy to forget to do this if they are rushed, or if family caretakers are around. But remember, Direct care workers are there to care for and protect their patient.
Consumer control refers to the ability of individuals to make choices and decisions about the goods and services they consume. This concept is closely tied to the independent living philosophy, which emphasizes the importance of empowering individuals with disabilities to live as independently as possible. The independent living philosophy is based on the belief that people with disabilities should have the same opportunities and rights as those without disabilities. This includes the right to make choices about their own lives, including where they live, how they receive services, and what types of services they receive.
Consumer control is an essential component of this philosophy, as it allows individuals with disabilities to take an active role in their own lives and make decisions that are important to them. Self-directed services are designed to give individuals with disabilities more control over the services they receive by allowing them to make decisions about how those services are provided.
One of the key ways in which consumer control is implemented in the independent living philosophy is through the use of self-directed services. Self-directed services are designed to give individuals with disabilities more control over the services they receive by allowing them to make decisions about how those services are provided. This can include choosing the types of services they receive, the frequency of services, and the providers of those services.
Another important aspect of consumer control is the use of individual budgets. An individual budget is a set amount of money that is allocated to an individual with a disability to use for services and supports. This allows individuals to make decisions about how that money is spent, rather than having those decisions made for them by service providers.
In addition to empowering individuals with disabilities to make decisions about their own lives, consumer control and the independent living philosophy also have the potential to improve the quality of services and supports provided to individuals with disabilities. When individuals have more control over their own lives, they are better able to identify and communicate their needs, which can lead to more effective and responsive services.
When individuals have more control over their own lives, they are better able to identify and communicate their needs, which can lead to more effective and responsive services.
Types of ADL
The activities of daily living are classified into basic ADLs and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). The basic ADLs (BADL) or physical ADLs are those skills required to manage one's basic physical needs, including personal hygiene or grooming, dressing, toileting, transferring or ambulating, and eating. The Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) include more complex activities related to the ability to live independently in the community. This would include activities such as e.g., managing finances and medications, food preparation, housekeeping, laundry.
Basic ADLs
Toileting: The ability to get to and from the toilet, using it appropriately, and cleaning
oneself.
The instrumental ADLs are those that require more complex thinking skills, including organizational skills.
As Direct care workers work with elderly patients, they may come to have first-hand knowledge of the physical and psychological changes that occur during the aging process. They may also come to recognize and be the first to notice
signs of a new disorder or disease process that is not related to the aging process, but which can be mistaken for and disregarded as ''just aging." If Direct care workers notice any of the following, especially if they occur suddenly, they should immediately report them to their supervisor:
Proper infection control will help to eliminate pests, bacteria, viruses, and fungi. All of these things can lead to disease. Direct care workers should complete proper hand washing before and after each task. This is the best way to prevent the spread of infection. If hot water and soap are not available, use an alcohol based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol. Hands should be washed prior to and after contact with the patient and their belongings, prior to and after using the bathroom, prior to, during, and after preparing food, and after changing diapers, handling pets or pet waste, or after coughing or sneezing. Use gloves as appropriate to the situation. Direct care workers should wear gloves whenever they will come into contact with body fluids such as blood, feces, urine, or saliva. Wear gloves when changing patients, assisting them to toilet, bathing, handling dirty linens, or preparing food. Never reuse disposable gloves. Discard them after one use. Use rubber or household gloves when handling harsh chemicals. These gloves can be sanitized and stored for later use. Never reuse disposable gloves. Use separate cleaning rags and towels for clean and dirty areas. Only use clean dishcloths and towels in the kitchen for handling food. Use a separate cleaning cloth and rubber gloves for the bathroom. Whenever possible, use disposable wipes or clothes for cleaning areas such as the toilet, which have many microorganisms on its surface. Ensure food is properly stored and refrigerators and freezers are at proper temperatures. Ensure that packaged food stored in cupboards is kept closed in airtight seals which will prevent spoilage and invasion of pests. If direct care workers notice evidence of pests such as roaches, lice, bed bugs, or mice, they should inform a supervisor. Additional precautions will need to be taken to rid the patient's home of infestations. Universal precautions are a set of guidelines and protocols that healthcare workers and other individuals who come into contact with blood and bodily fluids use to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. These precautions are based on the principle that all blood and bodily fluids should be treated as if they are infectious, regardless of the individual's HIV or hepatitis status.
The use of universal precautions began in the 1980s, during the early years of the HIV epidemic. Prior to that, healthcare workers would only use protective measures when caring for patients known to have a blood-borne infection.
However, it quickly became clear that this approach was inadequate, as many
individuals who were infected with HIV or hepatitis were not yet showing symptoms.
The most important aspect of universal precautions is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, gowns, masks, and goggles.
These items protect the healthcare worker from coming into contact with potentially infectious fluids. Additionally, it is important to use safe injection practices, such as never reusing needles and properly disposing of used needles and other sharps.
It is important for everyone who may come into contact with blood or bodily fluids to be trained in the proper use of universal precautions.
Hand hygiene is also crucial in preventing the spread of infection. This includes regular hand washing with soap and water, and the use of alcohol -based hand sanitizers. It is important to wash hands before and after caring for each patient, and any time hands may have come into contact with blood or bodily fluids.
Another important aspect of universal precautions is the proper cleaning and disinfection of equipment and surfaces that may have come into contact with blood or bodily fluids. This includes equipment such as stethoscopes and blood pressure cuffs, as well as surfaces such as exam tables and countertops.
It is important to note that universal precautions are not just for healthcare workers. Anyone who may come into contact with blood or bodily fluids, such as first responders or custodial staff, should also be trained in the proper use of universal precautions. In conclusion, universal precautions are a set of guidelines and protocols that are designed to protect healthcare workers and others from coming into contact with infectious diseases. Proper use of personal protective equipment, safe injection practices, hand hygiene, and the proper cleaning and disinfection of equipment and surfaces are all crucial in preventing the spread of infection . It is important for everyone who may come into contact with blood or bodily fluids to be trainedin the proper use of universal precautions.
Signs of Heart Attack:
This is a medical emergency and help must be obtained immediately.
Signs of Stroke:
This is a medical emergency and help must be obtained immediately.
As a direct care worker, it is important to be prepared to handle emergencies in a calm and efficient manner. The first step in emergency management is to understand the potential emergencies that can occur in the work environment and to have a plan in place to respond to them. This includes identifying emergency exits and designated meeting places, as well as knowing the location and proper use of emergency equipment such as fire extinguishers and first aid kits.
When an emergency does occur, it is important to remain calm and assess the situation. This includes determining the nature of the emergency, the number of individuals involved, and any that be activating the emergency response plan, calling for medical assistance, or evacuating the area.
As a direct care worker, it is also important to be able to recognize signs of distress in the individuals being cared for and to take appropriate action. This includes being able to identify symptoms of a medical emergency, such as chest pain or difficulty breathing, and taking steps to provide first aid or to call for medical assistance. Additionally, it is important to be aware of potential behavioral emergencies, such as aggressive or agitated behavior, and to knowhow to safely de-escalate the situation. In the event of an emergency, it is also important to document all actions taken and to report any incidents to the appropriate authorities. This documentation can be used to identify areas for improvement in emergency management, as well as to ensure that all individuals involved receive the appropriate level of care.
Overall, as a direct care worker, it is essential to be prepared and to have a plan in place to respond to emergencies. This includes understanding the potential emergencies that can occur, being able to recognize signs of distress, and taking appropriate action to provide care and ensure the safety of all individuals involved. In addition to the above, it is also important for a direct care worker to be trained in CPR and basic first aid, as well as any other relevant emergency management techniques or skills, such as use of an AED
(Automated External Defibrillator)
Documentation is an essential aspect of the role of a direct care worker. It serves as a record of the care provided to clients, and it is used to communicate important Information about the client's condition, treatment, and progress to other members of the care team.
There are several different types of documentation that a direct care worker may be responsible for, including progress notes, care plans, and incident reports.
Progress notes are used to document the client's condition and any changes that occur over time. Care plans are used to outline the specific goals and interventions that will be used to support the client, and they are often updated as the client's condition changes.
Incident reports are used to document any unexpected or unusual events that occur while caring for the client.
One of the most important aspects of documentation is that it must be accurate and timely.
A direct care worker must ensure that the information they document is correct and that it is entered into the appropriate records in a timely manner.
This is important for a number of reasons, including the fact that documentation is often used to inform care decisions and to ensure that the client receives approp1iate care.
Another important aspect of documentation is that it must be clear and easy to understand. This is particularly important for care plans, which may be read by other members of the care team who may not have the same level of understanding of the client's condition as the direct care workers. Clear and easy-to- understand documentation can help to ensure that the client receives appropriate care and that other members of the care team are able to understand the client's condition and the care that is being provided.
In addition to the importance of accurate and timely documentation, it is also important for direct care workers to be aware of the legal and ethical implications of their documentation.
This includes understanding the importance of maintaining confidentiality and the laws and regulations that govern the use of client information.
Overall, documentation is an essential aspect of the role of a direct care worker. It serves as a record of the care provided to clients and is used to communicate important information about the client's condition, treatment, and progress to other members of the care team. It is important for direct care workers to understand the importance of accurate and timely documentation, the importance of clear and easy-to-understand documentation, and the legal and ethical implications of their documentation.
Patients have the right to receive care that is respectful, compassionate, competent, and that protects their dignity and privacy. Patients have a right to live and be cared for in a safe environment. In addition to keeping a patient's environment clean and hazard free, providing for a safe environment means that patients are not abused or neglected. Abuse means causing harm to another person. There are many forms of abuse.
Patients have the right to receive care that is respectful, compassionate, competent, and that protects their dignity and privacy. Patients have a right to live and be cared for in a safe environment. In addition to keeping a patient's environment clean and hazard free, providing for a safe environment means that patients are not abused or neglected. Abuse means causing harm to another person. There are many forms of abuses.
Physical abuse is any harm, whether unintentional or intentional in which a patient's body is harmed. This includes slapping, punching, kicking, biting, cutting, bruising, burning, spitting at, pushing, shoving, restraining a person, or handling a person in a rough manner. Physical abuse includes forcing a patient to do something they do not want, such as eat or bathe.
Emotional abuse is abuse that occurs through emotionally causing harm to a person. This includes name calling, yelling at, humiliating, threatening, intimidating, insulting, making fun of a person, treating a person like a child or as if they are unable to think or make their own decisions.
Threatening a person in order to make them do something or to not tell on you for something you did or for threatening the patient is also considered emotional abuse. Threatening to take away a patient's belongings, time spent engaging in pleasurable activities, or to isolate a patient (such as put them in a locked room alone) are all considered emotional abuse.
Financial abuse is abuse that occurs with regard to a patient's finances. This includes stealing money or property, non-property using a person's money, taking advantage of a person's finances, and threatening to cause physical/Emotional harm if a person does not give a person their money.
Sexual abuse is abuse that occurs when a person is touched in a way in which they do not wish to be touched. This includes fondling, unwantedtouching, and any unwanted sexual activity. Sexual abuse also includes exposing oneself to a person and showing someone pornographic materialsthat they do not wish to see, or taking pornographic pictures of a personwithout their consent.
Domestic violence is abuse that occurs by spouses, intimate partners, or family members. It can include any type of abuse discussed above, such as physical abuse, emotional abuse, financial abuse, or sexual abuse.
Neglect is when a person is harmed by a caregiver, (whether it is a family member or a healthcare worker), when the caregiver/ails to provide necessary care. This includes failing to clean a patient up who is soiled, failing to bathe a patient, failing to provide food or fluids to a patient, and failing to tum and position a bedridden patient. Neglect can be just as harmful as abuse. Remember, a patient depends on their DCW to provide them with the care they need to live.
Direct care workers must NEVER abuse or neglect a patient in any way. they must also work to protect their patient from abuse/neglect by others and report ANY suspected abuse/ neglect immediately to their supervisor.
Signs of Abuse and Neglect to Report:
Personal Care Aide.
Every state has an office or department that deals with abuse and neglect of the elderly.
There are different names for these offices: Human Services, Adult Protective Services,
Health and Welfare, Department of Aging, etc.
PA Department of Human Services Adult Protective Services
Phone l-800-490-8505.
Pennsylvania Department of Aging
555 Walnut St 5th Floor, Harrisburg, PA 17101 Phone (717) 783-1550
Pennsylvania Department of Human Services 625 Forster St, Harrisburg, PA 17120
Phone: (800) 692-7462
Please, refer to your specific county for county agency on aging.
As a direct care worker, dealing with difficult behaviors of clients can be challenging and stressful. However, it is important to remember that clients may exhibit difficult behaviors due to underlying issues such as mental health conditions, past trauma, or communication barriers.
One effective strategy for dealing with difficult behaviors is to remain calm and composed.
It is important to not take the behavior personally and to not react emotionally. Instead, take a step back, take a deep breath, and approach the situation with a clear and level head.
Another strategy is to actively listen to the client and to try to understand their perspective. This can help to build trust and rapport and may also provide insight into the root cause of the behavior.
It is also important to set clear boundaries and expectations for appropriate behavior. This can be done by clearly communicating rules and consequences, and consistently enforcing them.
Another important aspect of dealing with difficult behaviors is to provide appropriate support and resources. This may include referral to mental health professionals, provision of medication, or other forms of therapy.
Lastly, self-care is crucial for direct care workers to manage the stress of dealing with difficult behaviors. This includes taking time to relax and de-stress, practicing good self- care habits, and seeking support from colleagues and supervisors.
By remaining calm, actively listening, setting boundaries, providing appropriate support and resources, and prioritizing self-care, it is possible to effectively manage and mitigate these behaviors.
As a direct care worker, one of the most important responsibilities is to assist clients with their daily personal care needs, including bathing, shaving, grooming, and dressing. These tasks are essential to maintaining the physical and emotional well-being of clients, and require compassion, patience, and attention to detail.
Bathing is an important aspect of personal care that helps to maintain hygiene and prevent the spread of infection. When assisting a client with bathing, it is important to first ensure that the bathroom is clean and that all necessary supplies, such as soap, shampoo, and a towel, are readily available.
The client should be helped to undress and then assisted in getting into the bath or shower. It is important to be mindful of the client's privacy and dignity at all times, and to provide assistance as needed with washing, rinsing, and drying.
Shaving is another important aspect of personal care that requires skill and attention to detail. When assisting a client with shaving, it is important to use a sharp razor and to apply shaving cream or gel to the area to be shaved. The client should be helped to position their head or face in a comfortable position, and the razor should be used in a smooth, steady motion. It is important to be mindful of the client's skin, and to avoid nicking or cutting them.
Grooming is an essential aspect of personal care that helps to maintain a person's appearance and self-esteem. When assisting a client with grooming, it is important to help them with tasks such as brushing their hair, trimming their nails, and applying makeup as needed. It is important to be mindful of the client's personal preferences and to help them achieve a look that they are comfortable with.
Dressing is the final step in personal care and is essential for maintaining the client's dignity and self-esteem. When assisting a client with dressing, it is important to help them choose appropriate clothing that is comfortable, clean, and easy to put on and take off. It is important to be mindful of the client's physical abilities and to provide assistance as needed with fastening buttons, zippers, or snaps.
As a direct care worker, one of the most important responsibilities is to assist clients with their daily personal care needs, including bathing, shaving, grooming, and dressing. These tasks are essential to maintaining the physical and emotional well-being of clients, and Dressing is the final step in personal care and is essential for maintaining the client's dignity and self-esteem. When assisting a client with dressing, it is important to help them choose appropriate clothing that is comfortable, clean, and easy to put on and take off. It is important to be mindful of the client's physical abilities and to provide assistance as In conclusion, as a direct care worker, it is essential to be able to assist clients with their daily personal care needs, including bathing, shaving, grooming, and dressing. These tasks require compassion, patience, and attention to detail and helping clients with these tasks not only improve their physical health but also their emotional well-being.
As a direct care worker, it is important to understand the importance of hair, skin, and mouth care for clients. Proper care in these areas can not only improve a client's physical appearance, but also their overall health and well-being.
Hair care is crucial for clients, as it not only helps them maintain a clean and presentable appearance, but also helps to prevent scalp infections and dandruff.
To properly care for a client's hair, it is important to use a gentle shampoo and conditioner, and to avoid using harsh chemicals or styling products. In addition, it is important to encourage clients to brush their hair regularly to prevent tangling and matting.
Skin care is also important for clients, as it helps to prevent skin infections and rashes. To properly care for a client's skin, it is important to use a mild soap and moisturizer, and to avoid using products that may irritate the skin. It is also important to encourage clients to bathe regularly and to keep their skin clean and dry.
Mouth care is essential for clients, as it helps to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. To properly care for a client's mouth, it is important to encourage regular brushing and flossing, and to provide them with the necessary dental care, such as regular dental check- ups and cleanings.
In addition, it is important to monitor a client's oral health and to report any issues or concerns to a dentist or dental hygienist. In conclusion, hair, skin, and mouth care are important aspects of care for clients as a direct care worker. It is important to understand the importance of these areas, and to provide proper care in order to improve a client's physical appearance and overall health and well-being.
Assistance with ambulation and transferring of clients is an essential aspect of the role of a direct care worker. These tasks require a high level of physical and emotional support for clients who may have limited mobility or disabilities.
Ambulation refers to the act of walking or moving around, and it is important for clients to maintain as much independence as possible when it comes to this task. Direct care workers can assist clients by providing support and stability while they walk, using devices such as walkers or canes. They can also help clients navigate obstacles and uneven surfaces, and ensure that they are using proper body mechanics to prevent injury.
Transferring refers to the act of moving a client from one place to another, such as from a bed to a wheelchair or from a wheelchair to a shower. This task requires a high level of physical strength and coordination, as well as a thorough understanding of proper body mechanics. Direct care workers must be able to assess the client's needs and abilities, and use the appropriate equipment and techniques to ensure a safe and comfortable transfer.
When providing assistance with ambulation and transferring, direct care workers must always prioritize the safety and well-being of their clients. This includes being aware of the client's medical conditions, such as osteoarthritis or balance issues, and adapting their approach accordingly.
It also means being attentive to the client's emotional state, and providing reassurance and encouragement as needed. In addition, direct care workers must be knowledgeable about the equipment and devices available to assist with ambulation and transferring.
They must know how to properly fit and adjust these devices, and how to safely operate any mechanical equipment. They must also be familiar with the proper storage and maintenance of equipment to ensure it is always in good working order.
In conclusion, assisting with ambulation and transferring is a critical aspect of the role of a direct care worker. It requires a combination of physical strength, technical knowledge and emotional support to ensure that clients are able to maintain as much independence and dignity as possible.
By providing safe, effective assistance with these tasks, direct care workers can play a vital role in promoting the physical and emotional well-being of their clients.
Meal preparation and feeding are important tasks for direct care workers, as they play a crucial role in maintaining the health and well -being of their clients.
One of the key responsibilities of a direct care worker is to ensure that their clients are receiving nutritious meals that meet their individual dietary needs. This may involve working with a registered dietitian or nutritionist to develop a meal plan that is tailored to the client's specific needs, taking into account any medical conditions or food allergies that they may have.
When preparing meals, direct care workers should always follow food safety guidelines to prevent the spread of illness. This includes washing their hands and all surfaces that will come into contact with food, properly storing and reheating food, and avoiding cross- contamination between raw and cooked foods. In addition to preparing meals, direct care workers may also be responsible for feeding their clients. This may involve helping them to sit up and eat, cutting up their food, or providing assistance with utensils. It is important for direct care workers to be patient and understanding, as some clients may have difficulty feeding themselves due to physical or cognitive limitations.
Direct care workers should also be aware of the emotional and social aspects of mealtime. Eating can be a lonely experience for some clients, so direct care workers should be sure to encourage socialization and engagement during mealtime. They should also be sensitive to the client's emotional state and make sure they are comfortable and relaxed during meals. Overall, meal preparation and feeding are critical tasks for direct care workers. By providing nutritious meals and assistance with feeding, they help to promote the health and well- being of their clients. And by being aware of the emotional and social aspects of mealtime, they can help to create a positive and enjoyable experience for their clients.
As a direct care worker, one of the most important responsibilities is ensuring that clients are properly toileted. This includes helping them with activities such as using the bathroom, changing incontinence products, and maintaining personal hygiene.
To ensure that clients are properly toileted, it is important to follow a routine and establish a schedule for using the bathroom. This may include accompanying clients to the bathroom at regular intervals, or providing reminders for them to use the bathroom on their own. It is also important to provide privacy and maintain confidentiality during toileting activities.
In addition to helping clients with basic toileting needs, it is also important to assist with the use of incontinence products, such as adult diapers or pads. This may involve changing products as needed, and ensuring that clients are comfortable and clean.
Personal hygiene is also an important aspect of toileting. This includes helping clients with basic hygiene needs such as washing their hands, brushing their teeth, and bathing.
It is important to provide assistance in a respectful and dignified manner, and to be sensitive to any cultural or personal preferences the client may have. Another important aspect of toileting is monitoring for any potential health concerns. This may include observing for signs of constipation, skin irritation, or other issues that may be related to toileting. If any issues are identified, it is important to report them to the appropriate healthcare provider and follow any recommended treatment plans.
Overall, toileting is an essential aspect of direct care work, and requires a combination of patience, compassion, and attention to detail. By providing the necessary assistance and support, direct care workers can help clients maintain their dignity and independence, and ensure that their basic needs are met.
The assistance of self-administration of medications by Home Health Aides is not allowed in every state or country. You should be specifically trained and assigned to provide assistance with medications. Personal Care Aides are not allowed to assist with administration of medication under any circumstance.
Assisting with self-administration of medications is different than administering medications. Only licensed providers such as physicians, nurse practitioners, registered nurses, and licensed practical nurses may administer medications to patients. Home Health Aides may ASSIST patients with self- administration of medication.
Personal Care Aides must never assist with medications in any way.
Assisting with medications means the HOME HEALTH AIDE may remind patients about taking their medications, bring the medication to the patient, and bring other equipment needed to take the medication such as an inhaler to the patient. The HOME HEALTH AIDE may bring liquid such as water to the patient so they can take their medication.
Home Health Aides should assist the patient into the correct position so the patient may take their medicine.
Procedure: Checking the Right Person (Patient)
I . Wash your hands.
1. Read the container label on the medication bottle.
2. Check the name on the label to make sure it is the same as the patient's.
3. Check the name on the label against the name on the Care Plan and against the patient's ID band if they are wearing one. If the patient can respond, ask them to tell you what their name is.
4. If the patient's name is the same as what is written on the label proceed to hand the bottle to the patient and/or assist with administration as trained and ordered on the Care Plan.
5. If the names are not the same, STOP! Do not proceed further.
6. Contact a supervisor for further instructions.
7. Explain the reason for this to the patient. Patient safety is the number one priority. If the medication bottle does not have the patient's correct name, this puts the patient in danger of taking someone else's medication.
8. Record and report any problem about the medication in question to a supervisor.
In working with others, we must be careful of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is thinking that your culture and beliefs are superior to, or better than another person's. All of our cultures are equally important. No one culture is better than another. The various cultures bring diversity to our world.
Diversity means including and respecting different types of cultures. We must also be careful of stereotypes. Stereotypes are when you believe that all people within a group are the same based on what you know about one individual within a group. Stereotypes can be about any characteristic of a person such as their looks, sexual orientation, weight, or behavior. We often learn stereotypes from the media and from our families as we are growing up. For example, until recently it was believed that all women should stay at home to cook, clean, and care for their children. As a result, people may have stereotypes about women, such as, "All women are good cooks", or "Women should be or " secretaries and men bosses." Stereotypes are very harmful to people. They can make us feel misunderstood and not respected. It is important to become aware of the stereotypes you have about have about that they are not respected or valued.
Sources and Citation:
Edemekong PF, Bomgaars DL, Sukumaran S, et al. Activities of Daily Living. [Updated 2022 Nov 19}. In: StatPearls [Internet}. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: hJJps:Ilwww.ncbi.nlm.nih govlbooks/NBK4704041
https:I/www.hcanj.org/files/2013/09/Guide-ChallengingBehavior.pdf
McLain, Kimberly B., et al. Foundations for Assisting in Home Care. Open SUNY Textbooks, 2018.
Disclaimer: This course is created for educational purposes ONLY for the Direct care workers at Namsara Homecare Services LLC. Namsara
Homecare Services do not own the copyright of the contents, and further
acknowledge that the contents are created through internet research and resources mentioned above.
In working with others, we must be careful of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is thinking that your culture and beliefs are superior to, or better than another person's. All of our than another cultures are equally important. No one culture is better than another. The various cultures bring diversity to our world
Diversity means including and respecting different types of cultures. We must also be careful of stereotypes. Stereotypes are when you believe that all people within a group are the same based on what you know about one individual within a group. Stereotypes can be about any characteristic of a person such as their looks, sexual orientation, weight, or behavior. We often learn stereotypes from the media and from our families as we are growing up. For example, until recently it was believed that all women should stay at home to cook, clean, and care for their children. As a result, people may have stereotypes about women, such as, "All women are good cooks", or "Women should be secretaries and men bosses." Stereotypes are very harmful to people. They can make us feel misunderstood and not respected. It is important to become aware of the stereotypes you have about others so that you do make a patient feel that they are not respected or valued.
Sources and Citation:
Edemekong PF, Bomgaars DL, Sukumaran S, et al. Activities of Daily Living. [Updated 2022 Nov 19}. In: StatPearls [Internet}. Treasure Island (FL):
StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
Available from: hJJps:Ilwww.ncbi.nlm.nih govlbooks/NBK4704041
https:I/www.hcanj.org/files/2013/09/Guide-ChallengingBehavior.pdf
McLain, Kimberly B., et al. Foundations for Assisting in Home Care. Open SUNY Textbooks, 2018.
Disclaimer: This course is created for educational purposes ONLY for the Direct care workers at Namsara Homecare Services LLC. Namsara
Homecare Services do not own the copyright of the contents, and further
acknowledge that the contents are created through internet research and
resources mentioned above.
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